Blog
/
Cloud
/
July 31, 2024

CDR is just NDR for the Cloud... Right?

As cloud adoption surges, the need for scalable, cloud-native security is paramount. This blog explores whether Cloud Detection and Response (CDR) is merely Network Detection and Response (NDR) tailored for the cloud, highlighting the unique challenges and essential solutions SOC teams require to secure dynamic cloud environments effectively.
Inside the SOC
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
Written by
Adam Stevens
Senior Director of Product, Cloud | Darktrace
Default blog imageDefault blog imageDefault blog imageDefault blog imageDefault blog imageDefault blog image
31
Jul 2024

The need for scalable cloud-native security

The cybersecurity landscape is undergoing a rapid transformation driven by the accelerated adoption of cloud computing, compelling organizations to reevaluate their security strategies. According to Forrester’s Infrastructure Cloud Survey, 2023, cloud decision-makers who are moving to a cloud computing infrastructure estimated they have already moved 39% of their application portfolio to the cloud and intend to move another 53% in the next two years [1].

This explosive growth underscores not only the increased dependency on cloud services, but also the evolving sophistication of cyber threats targeting these platforms, and the critical need for dedicated security measures tailored to cloud infrastructures — thereby making cloud security a pivotal focus for Security Operations Center (SOC) teams.

As organizations increasingly migrate to cloud environments and their reliance on cloud infrastructures deepens, they encounter new security challenges that require reevaluating their security strategies. Traditional measures like Network Detection and Response (NDR) are being reassessed in favor of more dynamic, scalable cloud-native solutions.

However, can we truly say that cloud detection and response (CDR) is fundamentally different? Or is it simply an evolution of NDR tailored for the cloud?

Cloud Detection and Response (CDR) vs Network Detection and Response (NDR)

Cloud Detection and Response (CDR) has emerged as a pivotal technology in the race against threat actors targeting cloud assets. CDR is typically centered around the same foundational principles as NDR. As such, NDR providers are well placed to provide these capabilities within dynamic cloud environments – particularly those providers that are built upon the foundation of understanding your business, its digital footprint, and leveraging that understanding to detect subtle deviations and highlighting anomalies as opposed to pre training or relying on rules and signatures.

However, there are unique challenges within cloud environments that require a wider, richer, context-aware approach.

Why SOC Teams Care

Widespread UseThe shift towards cloud services is no longer a trend but a standard practice across industries. Organizations increasingly rely on cloud infrastructures for essential operations across IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS platforms. According to Gartner, worldwide end-user spending on public cloud services is forecast to grow 20.4% to total $678.8 billion in 2024, up from $563.6 billion in 2023 [2]. This widespread adoption necessitates a security approach that can operate seamlessly across varied cloud environments, addressing both the scalability and the agility that these platforms offer.

Sophisticated AttacksCyber threats have evolved in sophistication, specifically targeting cloud platforms due to their growing prevalence. Attackers exploit the dynamic nature of cloud services, where traditional security measures often fall short. The cloud has emerged as a major target for threat actors who want to control access to, manipulate, and steal that data. This makes cloud resources a bigger target than ever for attackers. According to the IBM Cost of a Data Breach 2023 report, 82% of breaches involved data stored in the cloud [3]. Examples include data breaches initiated through misconfigured storage instances or through the exploitation of incomplete data deletion processes, highlighting the need for cloud-specific security responses.

Dynamic EnvironmentsCloud environments are inherently dynamic, characterized by the rapid provisioning and de-provisioning of resources, this fluidity presents a significant challenge for maintaining continuous security oversight, organizations need to be able to see what individual assets in the cloud look like at any given moment, who or what can access those, but also to be able to detect and respond to changes in real time. Unlike traditional infrastructure, detection and response in the cloud is challenging because of the ephemeral nature of some cloud assets and the velocity and volume of new app deployment – traditional signature-based detections will often struggle to work with such data.

What SOC Teams Need

Centralized VisibilityEffective security management requires a comprehensive, unified view spanning all operational environments including multi-cloud platforms and on-premises datacenters. Furthermore, in today's complex IT landscape, where organizations operate across both on-premises and various cloud environments, the need for centralized visibility becomes paramount. This comprehensive oversight is crucial for detecting anomalies and potential threats in real time, allowing SOC teams to manage security from a single source of truth, despite the dispersed nature of cloud assets and the heterogeneity of on-premises resources. By integrating these views, organizations can ensure a seamless security posture that encompasses all operational environments, enhancing their ability to respond swiftly to incidents and reduce security gaps.

AutomationGiven the vast scale and complexity of cloud operations, automation in detection and response processes is indispensable. Automated security solutions can instantly respond to threats, or adjust permissions across the cloud, enhancing both the efficiency and effectiveness of security measures.

Containment and RemediationThe capability for swift containment and remediation of security incidents is vital to minimize their impact on business operations. Automated response mechanisms that can isolate affected systems, revoke access, or reroute traffic until the threat is neutralized are essential components of modern CDR solutions.

Unpacking the Essentials: What Sets CDR Apart from NDR

While CDR and NDR share similar goals of threat mitigation, the context within cloud environments brings additional complexities:

Who: The identification of user roles and access patterns in cloud environments is crucial for detecting insider threats or compromised accounts. For example, an account behaving irregularly or accessing unusual data points may indicate a security breach.

What: Understanding what resources are deployed in the cloud (such as VMs, containers, and serverless functions) and the types of data they handle helps prioritize security efforts. Protecting data with varying sensitivity levels requires different security protocols.

Where: The geographic distribution of cloud datacenters affects regulatory compliance and data sovereignty. Security measures must consider these factors to ensure that data storage and processing comply with local laws and regulations.

How: Monitoring the configuration and usage of cloud services helps in identifying misconfigurations and anomalous usage patterns, which are common vectors for attacks. Tools that can automatically scan and rectify configurations in real time are particularly valuable in maintaining cloud security.

Key takeaways and benefits of CDR

As cloud adoption continues to surge, the strategic importance of CDR becomes increasingly evident. However, NDR vendors are well-positioned to provide these capabilities, especially those who deeply understand customer environments by learning the pattern of life of resources rather than relying on static rules and signatures.

Cloud environments, at their core, are still comprised of networks for communication. Interactions between cloud resources need to be monitored in real time, and access to these resources needs to be tracked and managed. As the cloud changes dynamically, the understanding and visualization of what is deployed and where needs to be updated quickly. Above all effective and proportional cloud-native response needs to be provided to mitigate threats and avoid business disruption.

Moreover, the ideal solutions will not only monitor network interactions but also bring in cloud contextual awareness. By combining these insights, SOC teams can gain a deeper understanding of permissions, assess risk vulnerabilities, and integrate all these elements into a single, cohesive platform. Importantly, SOC teams need to go beyond detection and response to actively mitigate potential misconfigurations and stay preventative. After all, proactive security is much better than reactive. By leveraging such comprehensive solutions, SOC teams can better equip themselves to tackle the modern cybersecurity landscape, ensuring robust, responsive, and adaptable defenses.

Learn more about Darktrace / CLOUD

Darktrace / CLOUD is intelligent cloud security powered by Self-Learning AI that delivers continuous, context-aware visibility and monitoring of cloud assets to unlock real-time detection and response​,​ and proactive cloud risk management. Read more about our cloud security solution here.

References

[1]  Gartner Forecasts Worldwide Public Cloud End-User Spending to Surpass $675 Billion in 2024

[2]  Public Cloud Market Insights, 2023 | Forrester

[3]  IBM Cost of a Data Breach 2023 Report

Inside the SOC
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
Written by
Adam Stevens
Senior Director of Product, Cloud | Darktrace

More in this series

No items found.

Blog

/

/

October 20, 2025

Salty Much: Darktrace’s view on a recent Salt Typhoon intrusion

salt typhoonDefault blog imageDefault blog image

What is Salt Typhoon?

Salt Typhoon represents one of the most persistent and sophisticated cyber threats targeting global critical infrastructure today. Believed to be linked to state-sponsored actors from the People’s Republic of China (PRC), this advanced persistent threat (APT) group has executed a series of high-impact campaigns against telecommunications providers, energy networks, and government systems—most notably across the United States.

Active since at least 2019, the group—also tracked as Earth Estries, GhostEmperor, and UNC2286—has demonstrated advanced capabilities in exploiting edge devices, maintaining deep persistence, and exfiltrating sensitive data across more than 80 countries. While much of the public reporting has focused on U.S. targets, Salt Typhoon’s operations have extended into Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) where it has targeted telecoms, government entities, and technology firms. Its use of custom malware and exploitation of high-impact vulnerabilities (e.g., Ivanti, Fortinet, Cisco) underscores the strategic nature of its campaigns, which blend intelligence collection with geopolitical influence [1].

Leveraging zero-day exploits, obfuscation techniques, and lateral movement strategies, Salt Typhoon has demonstrated an alarming ability to evade detection and maintain long-term access to sensitive environments. The group’s operations have exposed lawful intercept systems, compromised metadata for millions of users, and disrupted essential services, prompting coordinated responses from intelligence agencies and private-sector partners worldwide. As organizations reassess their threat models, Salt Typhoon serves as a stark reminder of the evolving nature of nation-state cyber operations and the urgent need for proactive defense strategies.

Darktrace’s coverage

In this case, Darktrace observed activity in a European telecommunications organisation consistent with Salt Typhoon’s known tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs), including dynamic-link library (DLL) sideloading and abuse of legitimate software for stealth and execution.

Initial access

The intrusion likely began with exploitation of a Citrix NetScaler Gateway appliance in the first week of July 2025. From there, the actor pivoted to Citrix Virtual Delivery Agent (VDA) hosts in the client’s Machine Creation Services (MCS) subnet. Initial access activities in the intrusion originated from an endpoint potentially associated with the SoftEther VPN service, suggesting infrastructure obfuscation from the outset.

Tooling

Darktrace subsequently observed the threat actor delivering a backdoor assessed with high confidence to be SNAPPYBEE (also known as Deed RAT) [2][3] to multiple Citrix VDA hosts. The backdoor was delivered to these internal endpoints as a DLL alongside legitimate executable files for antivirus software such as Norton Antivirus, Bkav Antivirus, and IObit Malware Fighter. This pattern of activity indicates that the attacker relied on DLL side-loading via legitimate antivirus software to execute their payloads. Salt Typhoon and similar groups have a history of employing this technique [4][5], enabling them to execute payloads under the guise of trusted software and bypassing traditional security controls.

Command-and-Control (C2)

The backdoor delivered by the threat actor leveraged LightNode VPS endpoints for C2, communicating over both HTTP and an unidentified TCP-based protocol. This dual-channel setup is consistent with Salt Typhoon’s known use of non-standard and layered protocols to evade detection. The HTTP communications displayed by the backdoor included POST requests with an Internet Explorer User-Agent header and Target URI patterns such as “/17ABE7F017ABE7F0”. One of the C2 hosts contacted by compromised endpoints was aar.gandhibludtric[.]com (38.54.63[.]75), a domain recently linked to Salt Typhoon [6].

Detection timeline

Darktrace produced high confidence detections in response to the early stages of the intrusion, with both the initial tooling and C2 activities being strongly covered by both investigations by Darktrace Cyber AI AnalystTM investigations and Darktrace models. Despite the sophistication of the threat actor, the intrusion activity identified and remediated before escalating beyond these early stages of the attack, with Darktrace’s timely high-confidence detections likely playing a key role in neutralizing the threat.

Cyber AI Analyst observations

Darktrace’s Cyber AI Analyst autonomously investigated the model alerts generated by Darktrace during the early stages of the intrusion. Through its investigations, Cyber AI Analyst discovered the initial tooling and C2 events and pieced them together into unified incidents representing the attacker’s progression.

Cyber AI Analyst weaved together separate events from the intrusion into broader incidents summarizing the attacker’s progression.
Figure 1: Cyber AI Analyst weaved together separate events from the intrusion into broader incidents summarizing the attacker’s progression.

Conclusion

Based on overlaps in TTPs, staging patterns, infrastructure, and malware, Darktrace assesses with moderate confidence that the observed activity was consistent with Salt Typhoon/Earth Estries (ALA GhostEmperor/UNC2286). Salt Typhoon continues to challenge defenders with its stealth, persistence, and abuse of legitimate tools. As attackers increasingly blend into normal operations, detecting behavioral anomalies becomes essential for identifying subtle deviations and correlating disparate signals. The evolving nature of Salt Typhoon’s tradecraft, and its ability to repurpose trusted software and infrastructure, ensures it will remain difficult to detect using conventional methods alone. This intrusion highlights the importance of proactive defense, where anomaly-based detections, not just signature matching, play a critical role in surfacing early-stage activity.

Credit to Nathaniel Jones (VP, Security & AI Strategy, FCISO), Sam Lister (Specialist Security Researcher), Emma Foulger (Global Threat Research Operations Lead), Adam Potter (Senior Cyber Analyst)

Edited by Ryan Traill (Analyst Content Lead)

Appendices

Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)

IoC-Type-Description + Confidence

89.31.121[.]101 – IP Address – Possible C2 server

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/WINMM.dll - URI – Likely SNAPPYBEE download

b5367820cd32640a2d5e4c3a3c1ceedbbb715be2 - SHA1 – Likely SNAPPYBEE download

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/NortonLog.txt - URI - Likely DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/123.txt - URI - Possible DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/123.tar - URI - Possible DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/pdc.exe - URI - Possible DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443//Dialog.dat - URI - Possible DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/fltLib.dll - URI - Possible DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/DisplayDialog.exe - URI - Possible DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/DgApi.dll - URI - Likely DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/dbindex.dat - URI - Likely DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/1.txt - URI - Possible DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/imfsbDll.dll – Likely DLL side-loading activity

hxxp://89.31.121[.]101:443/imfsbSvc.exe - URI – Likely DLL side-loading activity

aar.gandhibludtric[.]com – Hostname – Likely C2 server

38.54.63[.]75 – IP – Likely C2 server

156.244.28[.]153 – IP – Possible C2 server

hxxp://156.244.28[.]153/17ABE7F017ABE7F0 - URI – Possible C2 activity

MITRE TTPs

Technique | Description

T1190 | Exploit Public-Facing Application - Citrix NetScaler Gateway compromise

T1105 | Ingress Tool Transfer – Delivery of backdoor to internal hosts

T1665 | Hide Infrastructure – Use of SoftEther VPN for C2

T1574.001 | Hijack Execution Flow: DLL – Execution of backdoor through DLL side-loading

T1095 | Non-Application Layer Protocol – Unidentified application-layer protocol for C2 traffic

T1071.001| Web Protocols – HTTP-based C2 traffic

T1571| Non-Standard Port – Port 443 for unencrypted HTTP traffic

Darktrace Model Alerts during intrusion

Anomalous File::Internal::Script from Rare Internal Location

Anomalous File::EXE from Rare External Location

Anomalous File::Multiple EXE from Rare External Locations

Anomalous Connection::Possible Callback URL

Antigena::Network::External Threat::Antigena Suspicious File Block

Antigena::Network::Significant Anomaly::Antigena Significant Server Anomaly Block

Antigena::Network::Significant Anomaly::Antigena Controlled and Model Alert

Antigena::Network::Significant Anomaly::Antigena Alerts Over Time Block

Antigena::Network::External Threat::Antigena File then New Outbound Block  

References

[1] https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa25-239a

[2] https://www.trendmicro.com/en_gb/research/24/k/earth-estries.html

[3] https://www.trendmicro.com/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/research/24/k/earth-estries/IOC_list-EarthEstries.txt

[4] https://www.trendmicro.com/en_gb/research/24/k/breaking-down-earth-estries-persistent-ttps-in-prolonged-cyber-o.html

[5] https://lab52.io/blog/deedrat-backdoor-enhanced-by-chinese-apts-with-advanced-capabilities/

[6] https://www.silentpush.com/blog/salt-typhoon-2025/

The content provided in this blog is published by Darktrace for general informational purposes only and reflects our understanding of cybersecurity topics, trends, incidents, and developments at the time of publication. While we strive to ensure accuracy and relevance, the information is provided “as is” without any representations or warranties, express or implied. Darktrace makes no guarantees regarding the completeness, accuracy, reliability, or timeliness of any information presented and expressly disclaims all warranties.

Nothing in this blog constitutes legal, technical, or professional advice, and readers should consult qualified professionals before acting on any information contained herein. Any references to third-party organizations, technologies, threat actors, or incidents are for informational purposes only and do not imply affiliation, endorsement, or recommendation.

Darktrace, its affiliates, employees, or agents shall not be held liable for any loss, damage, or harm arising from the use of or reliance on the information in this blog.

The cybersecurity landscape evolves rapidly, and blog content may become outdated or superseded. We reserve the right to update, modify, or remove any content.

Continue reading
About the author
Nathaniel Jones
VP, Security & AI Strategy, Field CISO

Blog

/

AI

/

October 15, 2025

How a Major Civil Engineering Company Reduced MTTR across Network, Email and the Cloud with Darktrace

Default blog imageDefault blog image

Asking more of the information security team

“What more can we be doing to secure the company?” is a great question for any cyber professional to hear from their Board of Directors. After successfully defeating a series of attacks and seeing the potential for AI tools to supercharge incoming threats, a UK-based civil engineering company’s security team had the answer: Darktrace.

“When things are coming at you at machine speed, you need machine speed to fight it off – it’s as simple as that,” said their Information Security Manager. “There were incidents where it took us a few hours to get to the bottom of what was going on. Darktrace changed that.”

Prevention was also the best cure. A peer organization in the same sector was still in business continuity measures 18 months after an attack, and the security team did not want to risk that level of business disruption.

Legacy tools were not meeting the team’s desired speed or accuracy

The company’s native SaaS email platform took between two and 14 days to alert on suspicious emails, with another email security tool flagging malicious emails after up to 24 days. After receiving an alert, responses often took a couple of days to coordinate. The team was losing precious time.

Beyond long detection and response times, the old email security platform was no longer performing: 19% of incoming spam was missed. Of even more concern: 6% of phishing emails reached users’ inboxes, and malware and ransomware email was also still getting through, with 0.3% of such email-borne payloads reaching user inboxes.

Choosing Darktrace

“When evaluating tools in 2023, only Darktrace had what I was looking for: an existing, mature, AI-based cybersecurity solution. ChatGPT had just come out and a lot of companies were saying ‘AI this’ and ‘AI that’. Then you’d take a look, and it was all rules- and cases-based, not AI at all,” their Information Security Manager.

The team knew that, with AI-enabled attacks on the horizon, a cybersecurity company that had already built, fielded, and matured an AI-powered cyber defense would give the security team the ability to fend off machine-speed attacks at the same pace as the attackers.

Darktrace accomplishes this with multi-layered AI that learns each organization’s normal business operations. With this detailed level of understanding, Darktrace’s Self-Learning AI can recognize unusual activity that may indicate a cyber-attack, and works to neutralize the threat with precise response actions. And it does this all at machine speed and with minimal disruption.

On the morning the team was due to present its findings, the session was cancelled – for a good reason. The Board didn’t feel further discussion was necessary because the case for Darktrace was so conclusive. The CEO described the Darktrace option as ‘an insurance policy we can’t do without’.

Saving time with Darktrace / EMAIL

Darktrace / EMAIL reduced the discovery, alert, and response process from days or weeks to seconds .

Darktrace / EMAIL automates what was originally a time-consuming and repetitive process. The team has recovered between eight and 10 working hours a week by automating much of this process using / EMAIL.

Today, Darktrace / EMAIL prevents phishing emails from reaching employees’ inboxes. The volume of hostile and unsolicited email fell to a third of its original level after Darktrace / EMAIL was set up.

Further savings with Darktrace / NETWORK and Darktrace / IDENTITY

Since its success with Darktrace / EMAIL, the company adopted two more products from the Darktrace ActiveAI Security Platform – Darktrace / NETWORK and Darktrace / IDENTITY.

These have further contributed to cost savings. An initial plan to build a 24/7 SOC would have required hiring and retaining six additional analysts, rather than the two that currently use Darktrace, costing an additional £220,000 per year in salary. With Darktrace, the existing analysts have the tools needed to become more effective and impactful.

An additional benefit: Darktrace adoption has lowered the company’s cyber insurance premiums. The security team can reallocate this budget to proactive projects.

Detection of novel threats provides reassurance

Darktrace’s unique approach to cybersecurity added a key benefit. The team’s previous tool took a rules-based approach – which was only good if the next attack featured the same characteristics as the ones on which the tool was trained.

“Darktrace looks for anomalous behavior, and we needed something that detected and responded based on use cases, not rules that might be out of date or too prescriptive,” their Information Security Manager. “Our existing provider could take a couple of days to update rules and signatures, and in this game, speed is of the essence. Darktrace just does everything we need - without delay.”

Where rules-based tools must wait for a threat to emerge before beginning to detect and respond to it, Darktrace identifies and protects against unknown and novel threats, speeding identification, response, and recovery, minimizing business disruption as a result.

Looking to the future

With Darktrace in place, the UK-based civil engineering company team has reallocated time and resources usually spent on detection and alerting to now tackle more sophisticated, strategic challenges. Darktrace has also equipped the team with far better and more regularly updated visibility into potential vulnerabilities.

“One thing that frustrates me a little is penetration testing; our ISO accreditation mandates a penetration test at least once a year, but the results could be out of date the next day,” their Information Security Manager. “Darktrace / Proactive Exposure Management will give me that view in real time – we can run it daily if needed - and that’s going to be a really effective workbench for my team.”

As the company looks to further develop its security posture, Darktrace remains poised to evolve alongside its partner.

Continue reading
About the author
The Darktrace Community
Your data. Our AI.
Elevate your network security with Darktrace AI