Darktrace continues to innovate with Microsoft in the shared mission to deliver proactive cyber protection tailored to every organization. Joint customers benefit from two distinct, complementary security approaches – combining large scale threat intelligence with enterprise-native security insights – to address the full range of email threats.
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
Written by
Francesca Bowen
Global VP, Strategic Alliances
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27
Jun 2024
Darktrace has been named as Microsoft UK Partner of the Year for 2024! The Microsoft Partner Awards recognize winners for their commitment to customers, impact of solutions, and exemplary use of Microsoft technologies.
Whilst the award was granted based on our innovations combining Darktrace / EMAIL and Microsoft Defender for Office 365, our shared values go beyond technology. Darktrace stood out for the integration of our products to deliver exceptional security value to customers, as well as our investment in partnerships, marketplace and go to market. Microsoft was also impressed with our strong commitment to diversity and inclusion and our broader contribution to both the UK economy and the UK tech sector.
Microsoft Defender for Office 365 + Darktrace / EMAIL leave attackers nowhere to hide
The email threat landscape is constantly evolving. Attacks are becoming more sophisticated, more targeted and increasing in multi-stage payload attacks. Across the Darktrace customer base in 2023 alone, we have seen a 135% increase in ‘novel social engineering attacks’, corresponding with the rise of ChatGPT, 45% of phishing emails were identified as spear phishing attempts and a 59% increase in multi-stage payload attacks.
Legacy defenses were built to address a high volume of unsophisticated attacks, but generative AI has shifted the threats towards lower quantity yet very sophisticated, high impact targeted attacks. Microsoft Defender for Office 365’s rapid innovation has outpaced the Secure Email Gateway’s rule and signature based historical data approach. Customers no longer need email gateways which duplicate workflows and add expense native to their Defender for O365 solution.
Point email solutions overlap with Microsoft in 3 key areas: detection approach, workflows, capabilities
Detection - Microsoft receives trillions threat signals daily, giving customers the broadest scope of the attack landscape. Darktrace combined with Microsoft unites business and attack centric approaches
Workflows – any Microsoft configurations are reflected automatically in Darktrace/Email. Users can keep daily workflow in Microsoft, while a traditional SEG requires duplicated workflows
Capabilities – Microsoft handles foundational elements like archiving/encryption/signature matching while Darktrace handles advanced threat security
Darktrace / EMAIL is built to elevate, not duplicate, Microsoft email security – removing the burden of operating legacy point solutions and blocking 25% more threats. Robust account takeover protections to stop the 38% of sophisticated threats other tools miss. Customers can seamlessly correlate activity and insights across Microsoft email, DMARC and Teams to stop threats on average 13 days earlier.
Azure Marketplace
Microsoft Azure customers can access Darktrace in the Azure Marketplace to take advantage of the scalability, reliability, and agility of Azure to drive rapid IT operations and security integrations across the enterprise. Customers can leverage their Microsoft Azure Consumption Commitments (MACC), making procurement simple. As UK Partner of the Year winner, customers know they have a trusted partner with Darktrace and a proven solution to work seamlessly with Azure.
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
Email-Borne Cyber Risk: A Core Challenge for the CISO in the Age of Volume and Sophistication
A former CISO shares his perspective on the challenge of securing the human layer, how existing security awareness training falls short, and how it can be improved to better prepare for high-volume, high-impact, human-centric threats.
Darktrace Unites Human Behavior and Threat Detection Across Email, Slack, Teams, and Zoom
Introducing the adaptive era of email security: a unified platform that connects personalized coaching, collaboration tools, and user behavior into a self-improving defense system.
Why Organizations are Moving to Label-free, Behavioral DLP for Outbound Email
Modern data loss doesn’t always look like a regex match. It can look like everyday communication slightly out of context. Here’s how a domain specific language model paired with behavioral learning protects labeled and unlabeled data without slowing business down.
Email-Borne Cyber Risk: A Core Challenge for the CISO in the Age of Volume and Sophistication
The challenge for CISOs
Despite continuous advances in security technologies, humans continue to be exploited by attackers. Credential abuse and social actions like phishing are major factors, accounting for around 60% of all breaches. These attacks rely less on technical vulnerabilities and more on exploiting human behavior and organizational processes.
From my perspective as a former CISO, protecting humans concentrates three of today’s most pressing challenges: the sheer volume of email-based threats, their increasing sophistication, and the limitations of traditional employee awareness programs in moving the needle on risk.
My personal experience of security awareness training as a CISO
With over 20 years’ experience as an ICT and Cybersecurity leader across various international organizations, I’ve seen security awareness training (SAT) in many guises. And while the cyber landscape is evolving in every direction, the effectiveness of SAT is reaching a plateau.
Most programs I’ve seen follow a familiar pattern. Training is delivered through a combination of eLearning modules and internal sessions designed to reinforce IT policies. Employees are typically required to complete a slide deck or video, followed by a multiple-choice quiz. Occasional phishing simulations are distributed throughout the year.
The content is often static and unpersonalized, based on known threats that may already be outdated. Every employee regardless of role or risk exposure receives the same training and the same simulated phishing templates, from front-desk staff to the CEO.
The problem with traditional SAT programs
The issue with the approach to SAT outlined above is that the distribution of power is imbalanced. Humans will always be fallible, particularly when faced with increasingly sophisticated attacks. Providing generic, low-context training risks creating false confidence rather than genuine resilience. Let’s look at some of the problems in detail.
Timing and delivery
Employees today operate under constant cognitive load, making lots of rapid decisions every day to reduce their email volumes. Yet if employees are completing training annually, or on an ad hoc basis, it becomes a standalone occurrence rather than a continuous habit.
As a result, retention is low. Employees often forget the lessons within weeks, a phenomenon known as the ‘Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve.’
The graph illustrates that when you first learn something, the information disappears at an exponential rate without retention. In fact, according to the curve, you forget 50% of all new information within a day, and 90% of all new information within a week.
Simultaneously, most training is conducted within a separate interface. Because it takes place away from the actual moment of decision-making, the "teachable moment" is lost. There is a cognitive disconnect between the action (clicking a link in Outlook) and the education (watching a video in a browser).
People
In the context of professional risk management, the risks faced by different users are different. Static learning such as everyone receiving the same ‘Password Reset’ email doesn’t help users prepare for the specific threats they are likely to face. It also contributes to user fatigue, driven by repetitive training. And if users receive tests at the same time, news spreads among colleagues, hurting the efficacy of the test.
Staff turnover introduces further risk. In many organizations, new employees gain access to systems before receiving meaningful training, reducing onboarding to little more than policy acknowledgment.
Measuring success
In my experience, solutions are standalone, without any correlation to other tools in the security stack. In some cases, the programs are delivered by HR rather than the security team, creating a complete silo.
As a result, SAT is often perceived as a compliance exercise rather than a capability building function. The result is that poor-quality training does little to reduce the likelihood of compromise, regardless of completion rates or quiz performance.
What a modern SAT solution should look like
For today’s CISO, email represents the convergence point of high-volume, high-impact, and human-centric threats. Despite significant security investments, it remains one of the most difficult channels to secure effectively. Given these constraints, CISOs must evolve their approach to SAT.
Success lies in a balanced strategy one that combines advanced technology, attack surface reduction, and pragmatic user enablement, without over-relying on human vigilance as the final line of defense.
This means moving beyond traditional SAT toward continuous, contextual awareness, realistic simulations, and tight integration with security outcomes.
Three requirements for a modern SAT solution
Invisible protection: The optimum security solution is one that assists users without impeding their experience. The objective is to enhance human capabilities, rather than simply delivering a lecture.
Real-time feedback: Rather than a monthly quiz, the ideal system would provide a prompt or warning when a user is about to engage with something suspicious.
Positive culture: Shifting the focus away from a "gotcha" culture, which is a contributing factor to a resentment, and instead empowers employees to serve as "sensors" for the company.
How a Compromised eScan Update Enabled Multi‑Stage Malware and Blockchain C2
The rise of supply chain attacks
In recent years, the abuse of trusted software has become increasingly common, with supply chain compromises emerging as one of the fastest growing vectors for cyber intrusions. As highlighted in Darktrace’s Annual Threat Report 2026, attackers and state-actors continue to find significant value in gaining access to networks through compromised trusted links, third-party tools, or legitimate software. In January 2026, a supply chain compromise affecting MicroWorld Technologies’ eScan antivirus product was reported, with malicious updates distributed to customers through the legitimate update infrastructure. This, in turn, resulted in a multi‑stage loader malware being deployed on compromised devices [1][2].
An overview of eScan exploitation
According to eScan’s official threat advisory, unauthorized access to a regional update server resulted in an “incorrect file placed in the update distribution path” [3]. Customers associated with the affected update servers who downloaded the update during a two-hour window on January 20 were impacted, with affected Windows devices subsequently have experiencing various errors related to update functions and notifications [3].
While eScan did not specify which regional update servers were affected by the malicious update, all impacted Darktrace customer environments were located in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) region.
External research reported that a malicious 32-bit executable file , “Reload.exe”, was first installed on affected devices, which then dropped the 64-bit downloader, “CONSCTLX.exe”. This downloader establishes persistence by creating scheduled tasks such as “CorelDefrag”, which are responsible for executing PowerShell scripts. Subsequently, it evades detection by tampering with the Windows HOSTS file and eScan registry to prevent future remote updates intended for remediation. Additional payloads are then downloaded from its command-and-control (C2) server [1].
Darktrace’s coverage of eScan exploitation
Initial Access and Blockchain as multi-distributed C2 Infrastructure
On January 20, the same day as the aforementioned two‑hour exploit window, Darktrace observed multiple devices across affected networks downloading .dlz package files from eScan update servers, followed by connections to an anomalous endpoint, vhs.delrosal[.]net, which belongs to the attackers’ C2 infrastructure.
The endpoint contained a self‑signed SSL certificate with the string “O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, ST=SomeState, C=AU”, a default placeholder commonly used in SSL/TLS certificates for testing and development environments, as well as in malicious C2 infrastructure [4].
Utilizing a multi‑distributed C2 infrastructure, the attackers also leveraged domains linked with the Solana open‑source blockchain for C2 purposes, namely “.sol”. These domains were human‑readable names that act as aliases for cryptocurrency wallet addresses. As browsers do not natively resolve .sol domains, the Solana Naming System (formerly known as Bonfida, an independent contributor within the Solana ecosystem) provides a proxy service, through endpoints such as sol-domain[.]org, to enable browser access.
Darktrace observed devices connecting to blackice.sol-domain[.]org, indicating that attackers were likely using this proxy to reach a .sol domain for C2 activity. Given this behavior, it is likely that the attackers leveraged .sol domains as a dead drop resolver, a C2 technique in which threat actors host information on a public and legitimate service, such as a blockchain. Additional proxy resolver endpoints, such as sns-resolver.bonfida.workers[.]dev, were also observed.
Solana transactions are transparent, allowing all activity to be viewed publicly. When Darktrace analysts examined the transactions associated with blackice[.]sol, they observed that the earliest records dated November 7, 2025, which coincides with the creation date of the known C2 endpoint vhs[.]delrosal[.]net as shown in WHOIS Lookup information [4][5].
Figure 1: WHOIS Look records of the C2 endpoint vhs[.]delrosal[.]net.
Figure 2: Earliest observed transaction record for blackice[.]sol on public ledgers.
Subsequent instructions found within the transactions contained strings such as “CNAME= vhs[.]delrosal[.]net”, indicating attempts to direct the device toward the malicious endpoint. A more recent transaction recorded on January 28 included strings such as “hxxps://96.9.125[.]243/i;code=302”, suggesting an effort to change C2 endpoints. Darktrace observed multiple alerts triggered for these endpoints across affected devices.
Similar blockchain‑related endpoints, such as “tumama.hns[.]to”, were also observed in C2 activities. The hns[.]to service allows web browsers to access websites registered on Handshake, a decentralized blockchain‑based framework designed to replace centralized authorities and domain registries for top‑level domains. This shift toward decentralized, blockchain‑based infrastructure likely reflects increased efforts by attackers to evade detection.
In outgoing connections to these malicious endpoints across affected networks, Darktrace / NETWORK recognized that the activity was 100% rare and anomalous for both the devices and the wider networks, likely indicative of malicious beaconing, regardless of the underlying trusted infrastructure. In addition to generating multiple model alerts to capture this malicious activity across affected networks, Darktrace’s Cyber AI Analyst was able to compile these separate events into broader incidents that summarized the entire attack chain, allowing customers’ security teams to investigate and remediate more efficiently. Moreover, in customer environments where Darktrace’s Autonomous Response capability was enabled, Darktrace took swift action to contain the attack by blocking beaconing connections to the malicious endpoints, even when those endpoints were associated with seemingly trustworthy services.
Conclusion
Attacks targeting trusted relationships continue to be a popular strategy among threat actors. Activities linked to trusted or widely deployed software are often unintentionally whitelisted by existing security solutions and gateways. Darktrace observed multiple devices becoming impacted within a very short period, likely because tools such as antivirus software are typically mass‑deployed across numerous endpoints. As a result, a single compromised delivery mechanism can greatly expand the attack surface.
Attackers are also becoming increasingly creative in developing resilient C2 infrastructure and exploiting legitimate services to evade detection. Defenders are therefore encouraged to closely monitor anomalous connections and file downloads. Darktrace’s ability to detect unusual activity amidst ever‑changing tactics and indicators of compromise (IoCs) helps organizations maintain a proactive and resilient defense posture against emerging threats.
Credit to Joanna Ng (Associate Principal Cybersecurity Analyst) and Min Kim (Associate Principal Cybersecurity Analyst) and Tara Gould (Malware Researcher Lead)
Edited by Ryan Traill (Content Manager)
Appendices
Darktrace Model Detections
Anomalous File::Zip or Gzip from Rare External Location
.avif)
![WHOIS Look records of the C2 endpoint vhs[.]delrosal[.]net.](https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/626ff4d25aca2edf4325ff97/69e6bd15391fbfb9bc810102_Screenshot%202026-04-20%20at%204.56.01%E2%80%AFPM.png)
![Earliest observed transaction record for blackice[.]sol on public ledgers.](https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/626ff4d25aca2edf4325ff97/69e6bd3a9035e7b16c8df83c_Screenshot%202026-04-20%20at%204.56.40%E2%80%AFPM.png)