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February 6, 2025

Reimagining Your SOC: Unlocking a Proactive State of Security

Reimagining your SOC Part 3/3: This blog explores the challenges security professionals face in managing cyber risk, evaluates current market solutions, and outlines strategies for building a proactive security posture.
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Inside the SOC
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
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06
Feb 2025

Part 1: How to Achieve Proactive Network Security

Part 2: Overcoming Alert Fatigue with AI-Led Investigations  

While the success of a SOC team is often measured through incident management effectiveness (E.g MTTD, MTTR), a true measure of maturity is the reduction of annual security incidents.

Organizations face an increasing number of alerts each year, yet the best SOC teams place focus on proactive operations which don’t reduce the threshold for what becomes an incident but targets the source risks that prevent them entirely.

Freeing up time to focus on cyber risk management is a challenge in and of itself, we cover this in the previous two blogs in this series (see above). However, when the time comes to manage risk, there are several challenges that are unique when compared to detection & response functions within cybersecurity.

Why do cyber risks matter?

While the volume of reported CVEs is increasing at an alarming rate[1], determining the criticality of each vulnerability is becoming increasingly challenging, especially when the likelihood and impact may be different for each organization. Yet vulnerabilities have stood as an important signpost in traditional security and mitigation strategies. Now, without clear prioritization, potentially severe risks may go unreported, leaving organizations exposed to significant threats.

Vulnerabilities also represent just one area of potential risks. Cyberattacks are no longer confined to a single technology type. They now traverse various platforms, including cloud services, email systems, and networks. As technology infrastructure continues to expand, so does the attack surface, making comprehensive visibility across all technology types essential for reducing risk and preventing multi-vector attacks.

However, achieving this visibility is increasingly difficult as infrastructure grows and the cyber risk market remains oversaturated. This visibility challenge extends beyond technology to include personnel and individual cyber hygiene which can still exacerbate broader cyberattacks whether malicious or not.

Organizations must adopt a holistic approach to preventative security. This includes improving visibility across all technology types, addressing human risks, and mobilizing swiftly against emerging security gaps.

“By 2026, 60% of cybersecurity functions will implement business-impact-focused risk assessment methods, aligning cybersecurity strategies with organizational objectives.” [2]

The costs of a fragmented approach

siloed preventative security measures or technologies
Figure 1: Organizations may have a combination of siloed preventative security measures or technologies in place

Unlike other security tools (like SIEM, NDR or SOAR) which contain an established set of capabilities, cyber risk reduction has not traditionally been defined by a single market, rather a variety of products and practices that each provide their own value and are overwhelming if too many are adopted. Just some examples include:

  • Threat and Vulnerability management: Leverages threat intelligence, CVEs and asset management; however, leaves teams with significant patching workflows, ignores business & human factors and is reliant on the speed of teams to keep up with each passing update.  
  • Continuous Controls Monitoring (CCM): Automatically audits the effectiveness of security controls based on industry frameworks but requires careful prioritization and human calculations to set-up effectively. Focuses solely on mobilization.
  • Breach and Attack Simulation (BAS): Automates security posture testing through mock scenarios but require previous prioritization and might not tell you how your specific technologies can be mitigated to reduce that risk.
  • Posture Management technologies: Siloed approaches across Cloud, SaaS, Data Security and even Gen AI that reactively assess misconfigurations and suggest improvements but with only industry frameworks to validate the importance of the risks.
  • Red teaming & Penetration testing: Required by several regulations including (GDPR, HIPPA, PCI, DSS), many organizations hire 'red teams' to perform real breaches in trusted conditions. Penetration tests reveal many flaws, but are not continuous, requiring third-party input and producing long to-do lists with input of broader business risk dependent on the cost of the service.
  • Third-party auditors: Organizations also use third-party auditors to identify assets with vulnerabilities, grade compliance, and recommend improvements. At best, these exercises become tick-box exercises for companies to stay in compliance with the responsibility still on the client to perform further discovery and actioning.

Many of these individual solutions on the market offer simple enhancement, or an automated version of an existing human security task. Ultimately, they lack an understanding of the most critical assets at your organization and are limited in scope, only working in a specific technology area or with the data you provide.

Even when these strategies are complete, implementation of the results require resources, coordination, and buy-in from IT, cybersecurity, and compliance departments. Given the nature of modern business structures, this can be labor and time intensive as responsibilities are shared by organizational segmentation spread across IT, governance, risk and compliance (GRC), and security teams.

Prioritize your true cyber risk with a CTEM approach

Organizations with robust security programs benefit from well-defined policies, standards, key risk indicators (KRIs), and operational metrics, making it easier to measure and report cyber risk accurately.

Implementing a framework like Gartner’s CTEM (Continuous Threat Exposure Management) can help governance by defining the most relevant risks to each organization and which specific solutions meet your improvement needs.

This five-step approach—scoping, discovery, prioritization, validation, and mobilization—encourages focused management cycles, better delegation of responsibilities and a firm emphasis on validating potential risks through technological methods like attack path modeling or breach and attack simulation to add credibility.

Implementing CTEM requires expertise and structure. This begins with an exposure management solution developed uniquely alongside a core threat detection and response offering, to provide visibility of an organization’s most critical risks, whilst linking directly to their incident-based workflows.

“By 2026, organizations prioritizing their security investments, based on a continuous threat exposure management program, will realize a two-third reduction in breaches.” [3]

Achieving a proactive security posture across the whole estate

Unlike conventional tools that focus on isolated risks, Darktrace / Proactive Exposure Management breaks down traditional barriers. Teams can define risk scopes with full, prioritized visibility of the critical risks between: IT/OT networks, email, Active Directory, cloud resources, operational groups, (or even the external attack surface by integrating with Darktrace / Attack Surface Management).

Our innovative, AI-led risk discovery provides a view that mirrors actual attacker methodologies. It does this through advanced algorithms that determine risk based on business importance, rather than traditional device-type prioritization. By implementing a sophisticated damage assessment methodology, security teams don’t just prioritize via severity but instead, the inherent impact, damage, weakness and external exposure of an asset or user.

These calculations also revolutionize vulnerability management by combining industry standard CVE measurements with that organization-specific context to ensure patch management efforts are efficient, rather than an endless list.

Darktrace also integrates MITRE ATT&CK framework mappings to connect all risks through attack path modeling. This offers validation to our AI’s scoring by presenting real world incident scenarios that could occur across your technologies, and the actionable mitigations to mobilize against them.

For those human choke points, security may also deploy targeted phishing engagements. These send real but harmless email ‘attacks’ to test employee susceptibility, strengthening your ability to identify weak points in your security posture, while informing broader governance strategies.

Combining risk with live detection and response

Together, each of these capabilities let teams take the best steps towards reducing risk and the volume of incidents they face. However, getting proactive also sharpens your ability to handle live threats if they occur.  

During real incidents Darktrace users can quickly evaluate the potential impact of affected assets, create their own risk detections based on internal policies, strengthen their autonomous response along critical attack paths, or even see the possible stage of the next attack.

By continually ingesting risk information into live triage workflows, security teams will develop a proactive-first mindset, prioritizing the assets and alerts that have the most impact to the business. This lets them utilize their resource in the most efficient way, freeing up even more time for risk management, mitigation and ensuring continuity for the business.

Whether your organization is laying the foundation for a cybersecurity program or enhancing an advanced one, Darktrace’s self-learning AI adapts to your needs:

  • Foundational stage: For organizations establishing visibility and automating detection and response.
  • Integrated stage: For teams expanding coverage across domains and consolidating tools for simplicity.
  • Proactive stage: For mature security programs enhancing posture with vulnerability management and risk prioritization.

The Darktrace ActiveAI Security Platform empowers security teams to adopt a preventative defense strategy by using Cyber AI Analyst and autonomous response to fuel quicker triage, incident handling and give time back for proactive efforts designed around business impact. The platform encapsulates the critical capabilities that help organizations be proactive and stay ahead of evolving threats.

darktrace proactive exposure management solution brief reduce risk cyber risk

Download the solution brief

Maximize security visibility and reduce risk:

  • Unify risk exposure across all technologies with AI-driven scoring for CVEs, human communications, and architectures.
  • Gain cost and ROI insights on CVE risks, breach costs, patch latency, and blind spots.
  • Strengthen employee awareness with targeted phishing simulations and training.
  • Align proactive and reactive security by assessing device compromises and prevention strategies.
  • Reduce risk with tailored guidance that delivers maximum impact with minimal effort.

Take control of your security posture today. Download here!

References

[1] https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search, Search all, Statistics, Total matches By Year 2023 against 2024

[2] https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/5598859

[3] https://www.gartner.com/en/articles/how-to-manage-cybersecurity-threats-not-episodes

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Inside the SOC
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
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April 21, 2026

How a Compromised eScan Update Enabled Multi‑Stage Malware and Blockchain C2

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The rise of supply chain attacks

In recent years, the abuse of trusted software has become increasingly common, with supply chain compromises emerging as one of the fastest growing vectors for cyber intrusions. As highlighted in Darktrace’s Annual Threat Report 2026, attackers and state-actors continue to find significant value in gaining access to networks through compromised trusted links, third-party tools, or legitimate software. In January 2026, a supply chain compromise affecting MicroWorld Technologies’ eScan antivirus product was reported, with malicious updates distributed to customers through the legitimate update infrastructure. This, in turn, resulted in a multi‑stage loader malware being deployed on compromised devices [1][2].

An overview of eScan exploitation

According to eScan’s official threat advisory, unauthorized access to a regional update server resulted in an “incorrect file placed in the update distribution path” [3]. Customers associated with the affected update servers who downloaded the update during a two-hour window on January 20 were impacted, with affected Windows devices subsequently have experiencing various errors related to update functions and notifications [3].

While eScan did not specify which regional update servers were affected by the malicious update, all impacted Darktrace customer environments were located in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) region.

External research reported that a malicious 32-bit executable file , “Reload.exe”, was first installed on affected devices, which then dropped the 64-bit downloader, “CONSCTLX.exe”. This downloader establishes persistence by creating scheduled tasks such as “CorelDefrag”, which are responsible for executing PowerShell scripts. Subsequently, it evades detection by tampering with the Windows HOSTS file and eScan registry to prevent future remote updates intended for remediation. Additional payloads are then downloaded from its command-and-control (C2) server [1].

Darktrace’s coverage of eScan exploitation

Initial Access and Blockchain as multi-distributed C2 Infrastructure

On January 20, the same day as the aforementioned two‑hour exploit window, Darktrace observed multiple devices across affected networks downloading .dlz package files from eScan update servers, followed by connections to an anomalous endpoint, vhs.delrosal[.]net, which belongs to the attackers’ C2 infrastructure.

The endpoint contained a self‑signed SSL certificate with the string “O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, ST=SomeState, C=AU”, a default placeholder commonly used in SSL/TLS certificates for testing and development environments, as well as in malicious C2 infrastructure [4].

Utilizing a multi‑distributed C2 infrastructure, the attackers also leveraged domains linked with the Solana open‑source blockchain for C2 purposes, namely “.sol”. These domains were human‑readable names that act as aliases for cryptocurrency wallet addresses. As browsers do not natively resolve .sol domains, the Solana Naming System (formerly known as Bonfida, an independent contributor within the Solana ecosystem) provides a proxy service, through endpoints such as sol-domain[.]org, to enable browser access.

Darktrace observed devices connecting to blackice.sol-domain[.]org, indicating that attackers were likely using this proxy to reach a .sol domain for C2 activity. Given this behavior, it is likely that the attackers leveraged .sol domains as a dead drop resolver, a C2 technique in which threat actors host information on a public and legitimate service, such as a blockchain. Additional proxy resolver endpoints, such as sns-resolver.bonfida.workers[.]dev, were also observed.

Solana transactions are transparent, allowing all activity to be viewed publicly. When Darktrace analysts examined the transactions associated with blackice[.]sol, they observed that the earliest records dated November 7, 2025, which coincides with the creation date of the known C2 endpoint vhs[.]delrosal[.]net as shown in WHOIS Lookup information [4][5].

WHOIS Look records of the C2 endpoint vhs[.]delrosal[.]net.
Figure 1: WHOIS Look records of the C2 endpoint vhs[.]delrosal[.]net.
 Earliest observed transaction record for blackice[.]sol on public ledgers.
Figure 2: Earliest observed transaction record for blackice[.]sol on public ledgers.

Subsequent instructions found within the transactions contained strings such as “CNAME= vhs[.]delrosal[.]net”, indicating attempts to direct the device toward the malicious endpoint. A more recent transaction recorded on January 28 included strings such as “hxxps://96.9.125[.]243/i;code=302”, suggesting an effort to change C2 endpoints. Darktrace observed multiple alerts triggered for these endpoints across affected devices.

Similar blockchain‑related endpoints, such as “tumama.hns[.]to”, were also observed in C2 activities. The hns[.]to service allows web browsers to access websites registered on Handshake, a decentralized blockchain‑based framework designed to replace centralized authorities and domain registries for top‑level domains. This shift toward decentralized, blockchain‑based infrastructure likely reflects increased efforts by attackers to evade detection.

In outgoing connections to these malicious endpoints across affected networks, Darktrace / NETWORK recognized that the activity was 100% rare and anomalous for both the devices and the wider networks, likely indicative of malicious beaconing, regardless of the underlying trusted infrastructure. In addition to generating multiple model alerts to capture this malicious activity across affected networks, Darktrace’s Cyber AI Analyst was able to compile these separate events into broader incidents that summarized the entire attack chain, allowing customers’ security teams to investigate and remediate more efficiently. Moreover, in customer environments where Darktrace’s Autonomous Response capability was enabled, Darktrace took swift action to contain the attack by blocking beaconing connections to the malicious endpoints, even when those endpoints were associated with seemingly trustworthy services.

Conclusion

Attacks targeting trusted relationships continue to be a popular strategy among threat actors. Activities linked to trusted or widely deployed software are often unintentionally whitelisted by existing security solutions and gateways. Darktrace observed multiple devices becoming impacted within a very short period, likely because tools such as antivirus software are typically mass‑deployed across numerous endpoints. As a result, a single compromised delivery mechanism can greatly expand the attack surface.

Attackers are also becoming increasingly creative in developing resilient C2 infrastructure and exploiting legitimate services to evade detection. Defenders are therefore encouraged to closely monitor anomalous connections and file downloads. Darktrace’s ability to detect unusual activity amidst ever‑changing tactics and indicators of compromise (IoCs) helps organizations maintain a proactive and resilient defense posture against emerging threats.

Credit to Joanna Ng (Associate Principal Cybersecurity Analyst) and Min Kim (Associate Principal Cybersecurity Analyst) and Tara Gould (Malware Researcher Lead)

Edited by Ryan Traill (Content Manager)

Appendices

Darktrace Model Detections

  • Anomalous File::Zip or Gzip from Rare External Location
  • Anomalous Connection / Suspicious Self-Signed SSL
  • Anomalous Connection / Rare External SSL Self-Signed
  • Anomalous Connection / Suspicious Expired SSL
  • Anomalous Server Activity / Anomalous External Activity from Critical Network Device

List of Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)

  • vhs[.]delrosal[.]net – C2 server
  • tumama[.]hns[.]to – C2 server
  • blackice.sol-domain[.]org – C2 server
  • 96.9.125[.]243 – C2 Server

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

  • T1071.001 - Command and Control: Web Protocols
  • T1588.001 - Resource Development
  • T1102.001 - Web Service: Dead Drop Resolver
  • T1195 – Supple Chain Compromise

References

[1] https://www.morphisec.com/blog/critical-escan-threat-bulletin/

[2] https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/escan-confirms-update-server-breached-to-push-malicious-update/

[3] hxxps://download1.mwti.net/documents/Advisory/eScan_Security_Advisory_2026[.]pdf

[4] https://www.virustotal.com/gui/domain/delrosal.net

[5] hxxps://explorer.solana[.]com/address/2wFAbYHNw4ewBHBJzmDgDhCXYoFjJnpbdmeWjZvevaVv

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About the author
Joanna Ng
Associate Principal Analyst

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April 17, 2026

中国系サイバー作戦の進化 - それはサイバーリスクおよびレジリエンスにとって何を意味するか

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サイバーセキュリティにおいては、これまではインシデント、侵害、キャンペーン、そして脅威グループを中心にリスクを整理してきました。これらの要素は現在も重要です -しかし個別のインシデントにとらわれていては、エコシステム全体の形成を見逃してしまう危険があります。国家が支援する攻撃者グループは、個別の攻撃を実行したり短期的な目標を達成したりするためだけではなく、サイバー作戦を長期的な戦略上の影響力を構築するために使用するようになっています。  

当社の最新の調査レポート、Crimson Echoにおいてもこうした状況にあわせて視点を変えています。キャンペーンやマルウェアファミリー、あるいはアクターのラベルを個別のイベントとして分類するのではなく、ダークトレースの脅威調査チームは中国系グループのアクティビティを長期的に連続した行動として分析しました。このように視野を拡大することで、これらの攻撃者がさまざまな環境内でどのように存在しているか、すなわち、静かに、辛抱強く、持続的に、そして多くのケースにおいて識別可能な「インシデント」が発生するかなり前から下準備をしている様子が明らかになりました。  

中国系サイバー脅威のこれまでの変化

中国系サイバーアクティビティは過去20年間において4つのフェーズで進化してきたと言えます。初期の、ボリュームを重視したオペレーションは1990年代にから2000年代初めに見られ、それが2010年代にはより構造化された、戦略に沿った活動となり、そして現在の高度な適応性を備えた、アイデンティティを中心とした侵入へと進化しています。  

現在のフェーズの特徴は、大規模、攻撃の自制、そして永続化です。攻撃者はアクセスを確立し、その戦略的価値を評価し、維持します。これはより全体的な変化を反映したものです。つまりサイバー作戦は長期的な経済的および地政学的戦略に組み込まれる傾向が強まっているということです。デジタル環境へのアクセス、特に国家の重要インフラやサプライチェーン、先端テクノロジーにつながるものは、ある種の長期的な戦略的影響力と見られるようになりました。  

複雑な問題に対するダークトレースのビヘイビア分析アプローチ

国家が支援するサイバーアクティビティを分析する際、難しい問題の1つはアトリビューションです。従来のアプローチは多くの場合、特定の脅威グループ、マルウェアファミリー、あるいはインフラに判定を依存していました。しかしこれらは絶えず変化するものであり、さらに中国系オペレーションの場合、しばしば重複が見られます。

Crimson Echo は2022年7月から2025年9月の間の3年間にDarktrace運用環境で観測された異常なアクティビティを回顧的に分析した結果です。ビヘイビア検知、脅威ハンティング、オープンソースインテリジェンス、および構造化されたアトリビューションフレームワーク(Darktrace Cybersecurity Attribution Framework)を用いて、数十件の中~高確度の事例を特定し、繰り返し発生しているオペレーションのパターンを分析しました。  

この長期的視野を持ったビヘイビア中心型アプローチにより、ダークトレースは侵入がどのように展開していくかについての一定のパターンを特定することができ、動作のパターンが重要であることがあらためて確認されました。  

データが示していること

分析からいくつかの明確な傾向が浮かび上がりました:

  • 標的は戦略的に重要なセクターに集中していたのです。データセット全体で、侵入の88%は重要インフラと分類される、輸送、重要製造業、政府、医療、ITサービスを含む組織で発生しています。   
  • 戦略的に重要な西側経済圏が主な焦点です。米国だけで、観測されたケースの22.5%を占めており、ドイツ、イタリア、スペイン、および英国を含めた主要なヨーロッパの経済圏と合わせると侵入の半数以上(55%)がこれらの地域に集中しています。  
  • 侵入の63%近くがインターネットに接続されたシステムのエクスプロイトから始まっており、外部に露出したインフラの持続的リスクがあらためて浮き彫りになりました。  

サイバー作戦の2つのモデル

データセット全体で、中国系のアクティビティは2つの作戦モデルに従っていることが確認されました。  

1つ目は“スマッシュアンドグラブ”(強奪)型と表現することができます。これらはスピードのために最適化された短期型の侵入です。攻撃者はすばやく動き  – しばしば48時間以内にデータを抜き出し  – ステルス性よりも規模を重視します。これらの侵害の期間の中央値は10日ほどです。検知の危険を冒しても短期的利益を得ようとしていることが明らかです。  

2つ目は“ローアンドスロー”(低速)型です。これらのオペレーションはデータセット内ではあまり多くありませんでしたが、潜在的影響はより重大です。ここでは攻撃者は持続性を重視し、アイデンティティシステムや正規の管理ツールを通じて永続的なアクセスを確立し、数か月間、場合によっては数年にわたって検知されないままアクセスを維持しようとします。1つの注目すべきケースでは、脅威アクターは環境に完全に侵入して永続性を確立し、600日以上経ってからようやく再浮上した例もありました。このようなオペレーションの一時停止は侵入の深さと脅威アクターの長期的な戦略的意図の両方を表しています。このことはサイバーアクセスが長期にわたって保有し活用するべき戦略的資産であることを示しており、これは最も戦略的に重要なセクターにおいて最もよく見られたパターンです。  

同じ作戦エコシステムにおいて両方のモデルを並行して利用し、標的の価値、緊急性、意図するアクセスに基づいて適切なモデルを選択することも可能だという点に注意することも重要です。“スマッシュアンドグラブ” モデルが見られたからといって諜報活動が失敗したとのみ解釈すべきではなく、むしろ目標に沿った作戦上の選択かもしれないと見るべきでしょう。“ローアンドスロー” 型は粘り強い活動のために最適化され、“スマッシュアンドグラブ” 型はスピードのために最適化されています。どちらも意図的な作戦上の選択と見られ、必ずしも能力を表していません。  

サイバーリスクを再考する

多くの組織にとって、サイバーリスクはいまだに一連の個別のイベントとして位置づけられています。何かが発生し、検知され、封じ込められ、組織はそれを乗り越えて前に進みます。しかし永続的アクセスは、特にクラウド、アイデンティティベースのSaaSやエージェント型システム、そして複雑なサプライチェーンネットワークが相互接続された環境では、重大な持続的露出リスクを作り出します。システムの中断やデータの流出が発生していなくても、そのアクセスによって業務や依存関係、そして戦略的意思決定についての情報を得られるかもしれません。サイバーリスクはますます長期的な競合情報収集に似てきています。

その影響はSOCだけの問題ではありません。組織はガバナンス、可視性、レジリエンスについての考え方を見直し、サイバー露出をインシデント対応の問題ではなく構造的なビジネスリスクとして扱う必要があります。  

次の目標

この調査の目的は、これらの脅威の仕組みについてより明確な理解を提供することにより、防御者がより早期にこれらを識別しより効果的に対応できるようにすることです。これには、インジケーターの追跡からビヘイビアの理解にシフトすること、アイデンティティプロバイダーを重要インフラリスクとして扱うこと、サプライヤーの監視を拡大すること、迅速な封じ込めのための能力に投資すること、などが含まれます。  

ダークトレースの最新調査、”Crimson Echo: ビヘイビア分析を通じて中国系サイバー諜報技術を理解する” についてより詳しく知るには、ビジネスリーダー、CISO、SOCアナリストに向けたCrimson Echoレポートのエグゼクティブサマリーを ここからダウンロードしてください。 

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About the author
Nathaniel Jones
VP, Security & AI Strategy, Field CISO
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